CSS Colors, Backgrounds, Borders, Margins and Padding

CSS color property defines the text color or the foreground color of an element.

Colors are specified using predefined names such as RGB, HEX, HSL, RGBA, HSLA values.

CSS Code:

body {
    color: #ff5722;
}

Colors in CSS are predefined with color name. Example are grey, red, blue, green etc.

Defining color values

The format for setting color values are A color keyword like "green", "yellow", "transparent", etc are used. A hex value is like #ff0000, #00ff00, etc . A RGB value is like rgb(255, 0, 0).

CSS Background color: HTML element are set with background colors

Code:

<h1 style ="background-color: yellow;">Hello World</h1>

CSS Text Color: Text color can also be set in CSS.

Code:

<h1 style = "color: tomato;" > Hello world</h1>

CSS Background:

This property allows CSS to add background effects for elements. We are going to look at several background properties. We have already looked at background-colors.

Background Image:

The CSS Background image specifies the use of an image on the background of an element. By default, the image is repeated to cover the entire element.

Code:

body  {
   background-image:  url("google.jpg");
}

CSS Background-repeat:

Some images should only be repeated horizontally or vertically, or they will look strange

CSS Code:

body{
    background-image: url("google.jpg");
    background-repeat: repeat-x;
}

The background-image can also be shown once

Code:

body{
    background-image: url("google.jpg");
    background-repeat: no-repeat;
}

The background-position is also used to specify the position an image should be.

Code:

body{
    background-image: url("google.jpg");
    background-repeat: no-repeat;
    background-position: right-top;
}

CSS Border:

This property allows you to define the border area of an element’s box. It appears between the margin and padding of an element. It allows you to also show the style, width, and color of an element’s border. Some of the values allowed in the border property are dotted, dashed, solid, double, groove (defines a 3d grooved border), ridge, inset, outset, none, and hidden.

CSS Code:

body {
    border-style: solid;
}

Border-width:

This property shows the width of the borders. The width can be specific size(in, px, pt, cm, em, etc)

Code:

body {
    border-style: inset;
    border-width: 5px;
}

Border color:

This property shows sets the color of the border. The color can be in HEX, RGB, HSL and transparent. In the case the color is not set it takes the color of the element.

Code:

p.one {
    border-style: solid;
    border-color: blue;
}

Border style

It is possible to specify different border for each side.

Code:

p {
    border-top-style: dotted;
    border-right-style: solid;
    border-bottom-style: dotted;
    border-left-style: solid;
}

CSS Margins:

The CSS Margin property allows you to set space around the border of an element. It’s not usually affected by background-color, it’s always transparent. CSS margin has a property for specifying the margin for each side of an element.

Code:

p {
   margin-top: 100px;
   margin-bottom: 100px;
   margin-right: 150px;
   margin-left: 80px;
}

CSS Padding: Padding is used to create space around the element’s content, inside a defined border. Individual sides of the element are also padded.

Code:

div {
    padding-top: 50px;
    padding-right: 30px;
    padding-bottom: 50px;
    padding-left: 80px;
}

Padding and element width:

The width property specifies the width of the element’s content area. The content area is the portion inside the padding, border, and margin of an element. The padding added to the element when the width is also stated is calculated together to give the total width.

Code:

div  {
    width: 300px;
    padding: 22px;
}

In these code you will see that the actual width is not 300px but 344px (300 + 22px of left padding + 22px of right padding}.

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